|
|
Welcome to the library. This section is an amalgamation of
information gained from many sources - medical, descriptive and personal. It should not be
construed as medical advice. It is arranged as an A-Z glossary
A Return to Top
|
Agar Agar (E406) |
Probably best known to many as the culture growing medium used in petri dishes in school science laboratories! Also known by its Japanese name Kanten, agar agar is derived from the gelidium species of red sea vegetables. For culinary purposes, it is available in different forms: bars, flaked or powdered, although in this country you are most likely to find it flaked or powdered only. Natural agar agar is unflavoured producing a firm, clear jelly and is rich in iodine and trace minerals and has mildly laxative properties. The flakes are produced by a traditional method of cooking and pressing the sea vegetables and then naturally freeze-drying the residue to form bars which are then flaked for easier packing and transport. They are preferable to powdered agar agar which, although cheaper, may be chemically processed using sulphuric acid to dissolve the starches, and inorganic bleaches to neutralise the colour and flavour. Agar agar has stronger setting properties and, unlike gelatine which requires refrigeration to set, it will set at room temperature after about an hour - although it is advisable to store dishes gelled with agar agar in the fridge as it is a high protein food.
|
|
Allergy (Food) |
An allergic reaction to a food is an inappropriate reaction of the body's immune system. Severity can vary and can even be fatal. The body does not recognise as safe a protein component of the ingested food (known then as an allergen) and typically produces immunoglobulin antibodies to the allergen. Symptoms may include asthma, eczema, tisue swelling and difficulty breathing. A severe reaction may result in anaphylaxis where there is a rapid fall in blood pressure and servere shock |
|
Allergy Testing |
More information on Allergy Testing
|
|
Aloe Vera |
Aloe vera gel is sometimes recommended for GI tract problems. It's a traditional remedy for ulcers. It has anti-inflammatory (steroidal), hormonal, antioxidant, laxative, and other effects
|
|
Amaranth |
Amaranth was a sacred food of the Aztecs and in Asia, varieties of Amaranthus tricolor have been grown as a green vegetable since the beginning of recorded history. Grain amaranth plants can grow 3m tall and 1m wide and the towering red and gold seed heads form a striking backdrop to any garden. Leaf amaranth varieties usually grow around 1m high, with regular harvesting reducing their size. The leaves of all amaranth species are high in calcium and iron, but have a high oxalic acid content which diminishes nutritionally available calcium. Amaranth seeds are high in lysine, an important amino acid that is missing in most grain crops. This means that amaranth, when combined with another grain, provides a complete protein. The leaves of both plants are edible, or the seeds can be collected as grain |
|
Amino Acids |
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and are essential to life. They stimulate the immune system and promote tissue growth and repair |
|
Anaemia |
People just starting out on a gluten and wheat free diet need to be wary of becoming anaemic from a lack of iron (also from a folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency). It is a good idea to take iron supplements until the digestive system returns to normal and can absorb iron once again. Food that are high in iron include lentils, nuts, green vegetables and pulses. Vitamin C also helps the absorption of iron, so fruit juice is recommended too |
|
Arthritis |
See information under Chlorella |
|
Artificial Colours (Body & Skin Care) |
Several artificial colours are carcinogenic, some contain heavy metal impurities. Avoid: Blue 1, Green 3, D&C Red 33, FD&C Yellow 5, FD&C yellow 6 Information taken from Green People catalogue with grateful thanks |
|
Aspartame |
A very intense sweetener approved for use in the UK in 1983. Also known as NutraSweet and E951. White, odourless crystalline powder consisting of two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. 180 times sweeter than sugar |
B Return to Top
|
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) |
An energy vitamin. Found in wholewheat, bran, oatmeal, meat, pulses, milk, potatoes, most vegetables. Destroyed by heat, cooking, refining, processing, baking powder, soa, sulphur dioxide, alcohol, caffeing, freezing water. Promotes growth, aids digestoin, helps release energy, relieve sea and air sickness, maintains healthy nervous system, muscles and heart, improves mental attitude, keeps mucous membranes healthy and has mild diuretic effect. Defficiency can bring on irritability and depression and at the extreme, beri beri (affecting nerve and muscle power). Recommended for pregnant mothers, stress, those with high caffeine intake, heavy drinkers / smokers, people with a sweet tooth and high intake of refind foods. (Courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) |
An energy vitamin. Found in meat, milk, eggs, fish, cheese, pulses, yeast and frozen vegetables. Easily destroyed, but not by heat. Not stored by the body so daily intake is essential. Promotes healthy skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes and enzymes, releases energy, metabolises fats and proteins, aids growth in children. Deficiency shown by chapped lips, sore tongue, bloodshot eyes and excessive hair loss with scaling. Recommended for pregnant mothers, stress, those with high caffeine intake, heavy drinkers / smokers, people with a sweet tooth and high intake of refind foods. Also for those taking regular antacid tablets and vegans. (Courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) |
An energy vitamin. Found in liver, kidney, fish, yeast, nuts, milk, cheese, dates, figs and prunes. Easily destroyed in processing foods. Promotes healthy skin, hair, nails, tongue and digestive system, releases energy, essential for brain and nerve functioning, eases migraines, helps lower blood cholesterol level. Extreme deficiency can lead to pellagra. Recommended for pregnant mothers, stress, those with high caffeine intake, heavy drinkers / smokers, people with a sweet tooth and high intake of refind foods. Also for those who need to lower blood cholesterol level, those wanting to quit smoking or drinking or who suffer from migraines. (Courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Vitamin B5 |
Pantothenic Acid or Vitamin B5 occurs naturally in brewers yeast, liver, kidney, egs and fresh vegetables. It is widely available but sensitive to cooking and processing and can be easily destroyed in the process. Its function in the body is multiple: it's important for tissue metabolism, aids energy production, assists in the metabolism of fat and cholesterol, essential for antibody formation, keeps the nervous system healthy, helps in the synthesis of anti-stress hormones, assists in keeping skin healthy and helps reduce muscle tension. It has been used in trials to help osteo-arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis amongst other things. (Courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Vitamin B6 |
Some suggest that in Autistic children, large amounts of this vitamin can help improve hyperactivity and compulsive
behaviour but B6 tends to reduce the body's magnesium so these supplements should be given simultaneously |
|
Beta Carotene |
A precursor to Vitamin A, it is thought to act against the formation of cancerous cells. It suppresses free radicals (enemies of the immune system), working with vitamin C, Vitamin E and Selenium as an anti-oxidant |
|
Biotin |
Originally called Vitamin H, Biotin is found in egg yolks, liver, kidney, oats and wholegrains. Healthy intestinal bacteria will supply what the body needs, but supplements are recommended for people with allergies, adults suffering from fatigue, muscular pains, depression, sleepiness, nausea and loss of appetite. Biotin is involved in the utilisation of fats, carbohydrates and proteins for energy, healthy skin and it produces anti-stress hormones. It has been successful in therapy for seborrhoeic dermatitis, alopecia, scalp disease and skin complaints (Info courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet). It is normally produced by friendly bacteria in the digestive tract. Replenishing these flora should ensure enough biotin, but it can also be taken as a supplement |
|
Black Walnut Oil |
Can be used to get rid of systemic parasite infection |
|
Brown Sugar |
Made from the sugar crystals obtained from molasses syrup |
|
Buckwheat |
Seed of a herb that resembles rice. Gluten free |
|
Bulgur |
Not suitable for wheat free diets as it is steamed, hulled and cracked wheat berries |
C Return to Top
|
Caffeine |
A stimulant that works directly on the brain. It can be transmitted through breast milk and pregnant women are advised to restrict their caffeine intake. It has analgesic properties but also has side effects such as anxiety, nervousness, nausea and palpitations. It also increases the heart rate and can provoke emotional reactions. It stimulates the gastric juices and acts as a diuretic and so can cause excess loss of the water soluble vitamins B and C. It also stimulates the release of the body's stored energy reserves meaning that sugars are released into the blood. This can increase the risk of diabetes and possibly obesity and can cause mood swings. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Calcium |
Natural sources - diary foods, pulses, wholegrain cereals, root vegetables, molasses, nuts, fish, tofu and white bread. Calcium is the structural component of bones and teeth. It acts as a nerve impulse transmitter and plays a part in the clotting of the blood and in the absorption of Vitamin B12. Lack of calcium can lead to osteoporosis, periodontal disease (an early warning sign in the gums of osteoporosis), hypertension and tetany (spasm and twitching of the muscles). Supplements are especially recommended for vegans, dairy free diets, coeliacs, slimmers, convalescents and heart patients. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Camomile |
- a mild but effective sedative traditionally used to treat sleep disorders or stomach upsets |
|
Carbohydrates |
Provide energy for the body, especially the brain and nervous system. A large group of sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in similar proportions
|
|
Carob |
The prepared edible fruit of the locust-tree (or algarroba) is used as a substitute for chocolate. It is free from the stimulants caffeine and theobromine found in chocolate. It is naturally sweet so carob products generally contain less sugar than their chocolate counterparts. Carob is 80% protein and contains vitamins A, B, B2, B3 and D. It is also high in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium and contains iron, manganese, barium, copper and nickel. |
|
Carrageen / Carrageenan (E407) |
Also known as Irish Moss, this dense, reddish purple seaweed grows in the temperate North Atlantic coastal waters around the West of Ireland, France and off North America's coastline. It is harvested and sun-dried which bleaches it to a yellowish brown colour. Rich in iodine and vitamin A, it produces a softer gel than agar agar. Carrageen requires thorough rinsing before use. It needs to be soaked and then well cooked with the liquid to be set and does not dissolve completely. Carrageenan (E407) is a by-product of carrageen and is used extensively as an emulsifying, thickening and gelling additive in ice creams, jellies, biscuits, milk shakes and frozen desserts, even in some cosmetics and medicines!. |
|
Casein |
The protein component of all mammalian milk (cow, sheep, goat etc) |
|
Chlorella |
A wholefood supplement that contains all the components essential to life and is the most nutritionally potent wholefood available. It can replace vital nutrients, particularly the trace elements and has detoxifying effects and restores and repairs tissues. It contains all 8 essential amino acids, over 20 vitamins and minerals and is the highest known source of both cholorophyll (detoxifies bowel, liver and bloodstream with an anti-bacterial action and flushes heavy metals out) and RNA and DNA (nucleic acids which are the genetic memory of the cells). RNA and DNA are known as anti-ageing factors. Chlorella is also particularly rich in Vitamin B12, Niacin, Iron, Selenium and Zinc and has high levels of Beta Carotene. Chlorella powder and extract are widely used in food processing - noodles, lactic acid drinks, alcoholic drinks, soy sauce, soy bean paste. They area agricultural products and are not classed as additives) |
|
Coconut Milk, |
(This information has been supplied by Legend Organics Ltd with thanks) "Coconut Milk is the extracted juice from the pressed flesh of the coconut. It is pure liquid with nothing added. It's a great source of flavour and richness in meatless dishes and an indispensable ingredient for Caribbean, Indian, Thai, South Asian and African cooking. . . The saturated fat in coconut milk is actually good for you. The fat in coconut milk is "quasi-essential". In humans, only mammary glands can produce it. The richest source outside of mothers' milk is coconut milk. Numerous studies now show the lauric acid that makes up nearly half the fat in coconut milk, is beneficial in attacking lipid-coated viruses, such as HIV, herpes influenza and measles according to Mary Enig, fellow of the American College of Nutrition in Silver Spring, Md. If you are on medication for any of those, coconut milk could be enough to allow the medication to work well. (Extract from the July 2001 Issue of Natural Foods Merchandiser) Enig says it can be beneficial for pregnant woman who are HIV positive and taking ATZ or a drug cocktail. While the ATZ may help the woman remain symptom-free, her viral load is still high enough to pass on to her newborn. However, if she drinks about 10 ounces of pure coconut milk a day, it may reduce the viral load so that, combined with her drug therapy, she may be less likely to give HIV to her infant. Coconut milk fat is about 6 percent capric acid, which also has antimicrobial and antiviral abilities, though to a lesser degree than does lauric acid. This means that more than 50 percent of the fat in coconut milk is highly beneficial to the body. Because the fat is saturated, many people think it is unhealthy. Fats are classified as short, medium or long chain based on the number of carbon molecules they contain. Nearly two thirds of the saturated fat in coconut consists of medium chain fatty acids. When we eat long chain fatty acids, they must be emulsified by bile salts in the small intestine before they can be absorbed into our body. Short and medium chain fatty acids, such as those in coconut milk, are absorbed directly through the portal vein to the liver, where they are immediately available to the body. In other words, most of the saturated fat in coconut is easily digestible and converted into quick energy. Those types of fatty acid are less likely to cause obesity because they are immediately used by the body and have no opportunity to be stored. (Extract from www.thaifoodandtravel.com) To get the full benefit from coconut milk it must be un-preserved . . ." |
|
Coeliac Disease |
Lining of the small intestine is damaged in response to ingestion of gluten and similar proteins, which are found in wheat, rye, oats, barley, and other grains including hybrid grains such as triticale.
The intestines contain projections (called villi) which normally absorb nutrients. Celiac disease causes the villi to become flattened and lose the ability to absorb nutrients. Weight loss, anemia, and vitamin deficiences may occur as a result of the malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract)
|
|
Corn Syrup |
A liquid composed of simple sugars maltose, glucose, and dextrose. It is used frequently in carbonated beverages, baked goods, and some canned products |
|
Cranberry |
Recommended for all sorts of ailments from cancer to cystitis (it's a natural antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-infective supplement). Moreover, it is emerging as an important natural substance for those prone to gastrointestinal infections.
Tolerated much more than other fruits although it does have a high phenol level so those who already react to chocolate, tomatoes etc should proceed carefully. Some juice brands are combined with other, problematic fruits and may have various additives and added sugar so stick to brands known to be the 'purest' |
D Return to Top
|
Damiana |
A traditional herbal remedy for depression |
|
Dextrose |
Glucose combined with water |
|
Diabetes |
Diabetes is a life-long disease. There are several forms of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes (Type I); noninsulin-dependent diabetes (Type II); and gestational diabetes. For all types, the metabolism of carbohydrates (sugars), proteins, and fats are altered. Diabetes occurs when the amount of glucose in the blood is too high, and the body is not able to use it properly. Glucose is derived mainly from food. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is needed to convert glucose into the energy the body requires. If the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or if thebody cannot use the insulin it has, then diabetes occurs. Click here for more information on Diabetes |
E Return to Top
|
Eczema |
Eczema can be triggered by food allergies. According to data from double-blind research, most children with eczema have food allergies. A doctor or nutritionist should be consulted to determine if allergies are a factor |
|
E321 |
You might see this on a packet of lard amongst other things. It is BHT and not recommended for those sensitive to aspirin (or under two years old) and is thought to be carcagenic. Avoid |
|
E951 |
See Aspartame |
|
Elimination Diets |
A successful elimination diet is usually followed by the reintroduction of eliminated foods one at a time, to identify which ones are causing allergic reactions and therefore need to be eliminated indefinitely. After strictly avoiding problem foods for a period of time (usually months or years), some people can enjoy these foods again without experiencing allergic reactions |
|
Epsom Salts |
Add to a bath. Helps the lining of the digestive tract. Can be used in conjunction with Glutamine. As it is Magnesium Sulphate, Salicylate
intolerant people should proceed cautiously. Sulphate is needed to aid digestion and it is thought that autistic people (amongst others) do not have sufficient levels of sulphate in their guts. By sitting in the bath for at least 20 minutes, the body is supposedly able to ingest sulphate via the skin. There is also cream that can be rubbed in instead |
|
Essential Fatty Acids |
The essential fatty acid (EFA) linoleic acid and its derivatives, including gammalinolenic acid (GLA), dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA), are also called omega-6 fatty acids. These substances come from animal fats and some plants. Another type of EFAs, omega-3 fatty acids, are found almost exclusively in fish oils. As the "essential" in their name implies, these substances are needed to build cells and also to support the body's anti-inflammatory response. They are the "good" polyunsaturated fats that improve cardiovascular health when substituted for the "bad" saturated fats. The heart and blood vessels aren't the only beneficiaries of EFAs, however. People with autoimmune diseases that involve the nervous system say EFAs are very helpful in reducing symptoms, and there is some research to back them up. EFAs appear to help the GI tract resist and repair damage, probably by restoring the lipid cells. Recent research in psychiatry has even found that omega-3 fatty acids can act as a mood stabilizer for some people with bipolar disorder. Researchers believe that a proper balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is also important for optimal health
|
|
Evening Primrose Oil |
Plant of the willow family. Active ingredient is an essential fatty acid called Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA). Obtained through eating dairy products, vegetable oils, soya and breast milk and other products that contain Linoleic Acid which gets broken down into GLA. Metabolic pathway = Linoleic Acid - Gamma Linolenic Acid - Dinomogammalinolenic Acid - Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are required for the metabolic functions of the body. They act by reducing inflammation, dilating the blood vessels, reducing the tendency of the blood to clot and are also involved inn the production of cholesterol. They are constantly being depleted and require continual replacement. Proven uses of Evening Primrose Oil include rheumatoid arthritis, eczema and pre-menstrual syndrome. Should be taken for at least 3 months on an initial trial basis. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
F Return to Top
|
Farina |
Not suitable for wheat free diets as it is a refined cereal made from ground and sifted wheat |
|
Fat(s) |
Fat is one of the three nutrients (along with protein and carbohydrates) that supply calories to the body. Fats are organic compounds that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the most concentrated source of energy in foods. Fats come in liquid or solid form. All fats are combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Click here for more information on Fats |
|
Fish Oils |
Cod liver oil has been found to contain many nutrients and is a rich source of fat-soluble vitamins, A, D and E and also contains some polyunsaturated fatty acids which have essential roles in the body's metabolism. It has been discovered to aid with the healthy functioning of the brain, nerve tissue and retina of the eye as well as to lower the risk of heart disease, reduce cholesterol levels and help with arthritis and rheumatism. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Fibre |
Most people are not reaching the recommended daily intake of fibre. Dietary Fibre is a form of carbohydrate naturally present in foods of plant origin including cereals, fruit, vegetables, seeds and pulses. Greatest concentration of fibre is generally found in the external surface (e.g. apple peel, potato skin, outer layer of brown rice or wheat bran). Fibre values are reduced by cooking, processing or refining. There are two main types of fibre, insoluble (absorbs water and so acts as a bulking agent in the stomach) and soluble (delays the rate of absorption of nutrients from food and forms a gel so that food travels through the body more slowly). Too little insoluble fibre can cause constipation (can result in diverticulitis, varicose veins and hiatus hernia, infection and disease). Soluble fibre can be valuable to diabetics and can delay the onset of hunger so may benefit slimmers. It can also help eliminate cholesterol from the body. Dietary Fibre is thought to have a role in the prevention of stomach, lung and breast cancer. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Flour |
Home baking is on the increase and there are now so many flour alternatives that the best thing we can do is direct you to the Flour Advisory Bureau which is the central source for all matters relating to flour and bread. Click here for more information on flour |
|
Fragrances (Body & Skin Care) |
95% of the mix in most fragrances is made from synthetic chemicals. If you are sensitive to cosmetics avoid those that contain fragrances. Even fragrances made with natural ingredients can cause skin irritation although you are less likely to suffer allergic reactions if you use one essential oil or a blend of a few oils, than if you use synthetic fragrances. Information taken from Green People catalogue with thanks |
|
Fructose |
A water-soluable simple sugar found in honey and naturally occuring in all fruits. It is also called levulose or fruit sugar |
G Return to Top
|
Garlic |
Used as a culinary flavouring and for medicinal purposes. A herb of the onion family containing two sets of nutrients. 1) - water soluble: vitamins, enzymes, amino acids (anti-oxidant properties), natural sugars. 2) - oil soluble: sulphur compounds originating from an amino acid named allicin which has natural antibiotic properties. Garlic aids general immunity; helps prevent heart disease; reduces blood clotting and controls blood pressure; aids circulation; cleanses the digestive system; is a natural diuretic; helps cure flatulence; acts against inflammation and infection; kills internal parasites and is an excellent antiseptic; is a digestive aid. Garlic is said to be active against yeast in the digestive tract
|
|
Gingko Biloba |
An extract of the gingko tree. It is advertised as an herb to improve memory. There is some clinical evidence for this claim. It is an antioxidant, and is prescribed in Germany for treatment of dementia. It is believed to increase blood flow to the brain
|
|
Ginseng |
Naturally growing short perennial plant with a creamy yellow or white root that is the part which is consumed. It's the most widely used medicinal herb in the Orient. It contains phosphorus, iron, copper, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphur, manganese, silica, sodium, Vit B1 and B2. Ginseng has been reported to stimulate both physical and mental activity. Other evidence also supports stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver, regulation of blood pressure, stimulation of the adrenal cortex, improvement in memory, accelerated learning and regulation of brain activity, improvements in insomnia and sleep disturbances and beneficial effects on tissue and cellular growth. Ginseng tea and extract is most quickly absorbed into the body. It can be used daily or periodically without ill effects although a three month course seems to give best effect. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Glucose |
Naturally occuring sugar found in fruits in limited quantity. Also a syrup made from corn starch |
|
Glutamin |
Occurs naturally and lines the intestinal tract, raises T cell count (reducing virus levels), detoxes the pancreas
and liver and restores the blood-brain barrier (blocking opiate like responses due to food intolerances). Can be purchased
from GNC amongst others |
|
Gluten |
Gluten or gliadin is a complex protein that occurs in wheat, rye and barley. Gliadin is a constituent of gluten and causes toxic reactions in people with a particular genetic make-up. This can cause them to develop coeliac disease, or intestinal atrophy which results from an abnormal membrane in the small intestine. Symptoms include colic, bloatedness, diarrhoes, stunted growth, weight loss, IBS and anaemia (from combined deficiency of folic acid and iron). |
|
Goat's Milk |
All mammalian milk contains lactose and casein. However goat's milk has been used successfully by many lactose intolerant people. Goat's milk is naturally homogenised making its fat globules more naturally digestible and assimilated than milk from cows. It is thought that its superior digestibility leaves less undigested residue in the colon to ferment which can cause the unpleasant symptoms associated with lactose intolerance including gas, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation |
H Return to Top
|
Hay Fever |
Hay fever tends to be familial and often occurs alongside asthma or eczema. In sufferers, the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses is more sensitive than normal and it allow allergens to pass through it. This causes an irritant reaction leading to the release of histamine. Histamine causes the membranes to swell. Once the allergen (flowers, grass, tree pollens, fungus spores, house dust, animal fur etc) enters the blood stream the eyes and face can become puffy.
Diet can help hay fever. Vitamin A and C in particular help the immune system function properly, but a high potency multi-vitamin tablet preferably with minerals as well will provide the most efficient working. Foods such as milk and starches can result in the production of catarrh and additives and 'junk'food will raise the sensitivity of the immune system so should be limited. (Info courtesy of Goodness fact sheet) |
|
Hemp |
Hemp seed has many nutritional benefits. It contains a high proportion of amino acids in ratios best suited for human assimilation. The protein content is approximately 23%. Hemp seed also contains essential minerals including Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulphur. It is, however, low in heavy metals such as strontium, thorium and arsenic chromium. Heavy metals must be avoided in a healthy diet. Hemp Seed is also high in dietary fibre. Hemp Seeds provide Essential Fatty Acids (EFA's) Linoleic Acid (LA) and Linolenic Acid (LNA) as well as containing Gamma Linolenic acid (GLA). EFA's are required by the human body in order to maintain hormonal balance, healthy skin, hair, general health and well being. The body is, however, incapable of producing EFA's and it is therefore necessary to ensure that they are consumed by the body as a part of a balanced diet. Essential Fatty Acids are accountable for the responsiveness of our immune system and they do not raise cholesterol levels. In fact EFA's help to clear the bodies arteries. Because Hemp seeds are so digestible, scientists are suggesting their use in medicine to blocking diseases and in treating malnutrition. Tests are currently in progress with regards to EFA's in treating cancer and helping to support the immune system of those with the HIV virus. Advice gathered from Government scientists and from the health food industry generally suggests that our regular dietary habits require a reduction of fat intake. Humans MUST consume fat in order to obtain an adequate supply of the two essential fatty acids (LA and LNA). This is the reason that they are referred to as 'essential' and the rest are merely fatty acids or simply 'fats'. Over-consumption of saturated fat is harmful. Research links essential fatty acid deficiency with cancer, cardiovascular disease, auto immune disorders, impaired wound healing, breast pain, pre-menstrual syndrome, hormonal imbalance, multiple sclerosis, skin and hair disorders. The type of fat in one's diet is therefore critically important. If then we increase intake of EFA's to 12-15% of our total daily food consumption then this alone quickens our metabolic rate. This results in a thermogenic reaction causing fat burn off and loss of excess weight. LA and LNA also substantially shorten time required for fatigued muscles to recover after exercise and they facilitate the conversion of lactic acid to water and carbon dioxide. |
|
Honey |
Produced by bees. A combination of fructose, glucose, and water. As it is made up of simple sugars it is easily and quickly absorbed and a source of quick energy. It promotes the correct working of the digestive organs and can be taken as a laxative with molasses. Honey can be applied to burns to prevent the formation of blisters and promote quick healing of the skin. It has been prized for its mild antibiotic properties as where bacteria is trapped in honey, the honey will absorb moisture from the bacteria and so kill it off. (Info courtesy of Goodness fact sheet) |
I Return to Top
|
Intolerance |
Food intolerance is a general term to describe a range of adverse responses to food. Reactions are usually reproducible to a specific food or ingredient which can occur whether or not the person realises they have eaten the food |
|
Iodine |
Essential to the normal functioning of the thyroid gland |
|
Iron |
Sufficient quantities of iron are essential lin the bloodstream to prevent anaemia |
L Return to Top
|
L-Arginine |
An amino acid that stimulates growth hormone secretion so is important for growing children |
|
L-Cysteine |
An amino acid that is a powerful antioxidant, binding to free radicals. It has detoxicant properties and is needed to produce Coenzyme A and for hair formation. Diabetics should use L-Cysteine with caution as it blocks insulin activity. |
|
L-Glutamine |
An amino acid that is involved in a lot of metabolic processes. L-Glutamic Acid is formed in the brain from L-Glutamine Acid and then it is an important source of energy to the brain. L-Glutamine also helps control alcohol craving in alcoholics. |
|
L-Histidine |
An amino acid that is a forerunner of Histamine which is involved in smooth muscle contraction and vasodilation, neurotransmission and gastric secretion. It is found to be helpful in treating rheumatoid arthritis. |
|
L-Lysine |
An amino acid that is often only available in limited amounts in vegetarian diets. It is important for optimal growth in children and is valuable in controlling the herpes virus along with Vitamin C. |
|
L-Methionine |
An amino acid that a deficiency may result in anaemia. It is needed in the production of lecithin and is the limiting amino acid in many foods, including soya beans, peanuts and potatoes. |
|
L-Ornithine |
An amino acid that is not build into protein but is metabolically important. It stimulates secretion of growth hormones and is important in wound healing and the immune system. |
|
L-Phenylalanine |
An amino acid that is involved in neurotransmitters which themselves have many vital roles. It is used for appetite control and can be stimulative to the brain and body. DLPA has value in pain management. |
|
L-Trypotophan |
An amino acid that is often deficient in diets. It can be used for sleeping disorders and mood stabilisation. |
|
Lactic Acid |
Lactic acid is a naturally occurring compound present in sour milk, molasses and fruit. Lactic acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates in the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid occurs naturally in the blood (lactates) when glycogen is broken down in the muscles |
|
Lactose |
Lactose is the main sugar found in dairy products. It is made up of glucose and galactose. The body secretes the enzyme lactase from the lining of the small intestine to digest and assimilate lactose when it enters the body. People with intolerances (4 million UK) are unable to produce sufficient lactase and the undigested lactose passes into the large intestine causing abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, bloatedness etc |
|
Lanolin (Body & Skin Care) |
Avoid cosmetic grade Lanolin as it can be contaminated with carcinogenic pesticides such as DDT, Dieldrin and Lindane. Lanolin itself however is perfectly safe and is generally beneficial to skin Information taken from the Green People catalogue with grateful thanks |
|
Lecithin |
Derived from milk or soya |
|
Licorice |
Boosts hormone production, including hormones active in the GI tract and brain.
|
M Return to Top
|
Malic Acid |
Occurs in two chiral molecules, the D- and L- forms. L-malic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that is used in the body to derive ATP from food (see the citric acid cycle). It is found in many fruits and vegetables, especially apples. Malic acid may aid in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Commercial malic acid is usually a mixture of the two types, synthesised by heating maleic acid with dilute sulphuric acid, under pressure |
|
Maltose |
Maltose (malt sugar) is produced during the process of fermentation |
|
Maple Syrup |
Obtained from the sap of maple trees. It is made up of sucrose, fructose, and glucose |
|
Melatonin |
A hormone normally produced after sunset that has a role in the immune system and sleep cycles. Approved in
America as a natural sleep aid |
|
Migraine |
Can be triggered by phenylethylamine and tyramine found in chocolate |
|
Molasses |
Obtained from the residue of sugar cane processing |
|
MSG |
Monosodium Glutamate is often used as a controversial food additive. Technically it is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, a naturally occuring amino acid which is produced in small quantities by the human body. Its use has become controversial in the past 30 years because of reports of adverse reactions in people who've eaten foods that contain MSG including people on the Autistic Spectrum. Research on the role of glutamate--a group of chemicals that includes MSG--in the nervous system also has raised questions about the chemical's safety. Click here for information on MSG |
O Return to Top
|
Omega-3 Oils |
Promoted as protectors against heart disease and said to be of benefit in the treatment of arthritis.
|
|
Organic |
Free from harmful contaminants and artificial fertilisers and chemical pesticides. Organic farming is concerned with building up a thriving, living soil in which a dynamic balance between harmful and beneficial organisms emerges. This lends itself to strong and nutritious crops and avoids destruction of farmland. Livestock is kept in as natural conditions as possible (e.g. free range hens) with no additives such as growth hormones in the feed. Benefits: maintains life in the soil, stops contamination of drinking water, balances the insect population, tastier food due to reduced water level contents in organic produce, moulds grow less readily, higher nutrition values (Protein +18%, vitamin C +28%, Calcium +10%, Potassium +18%, Phosphate + 13%) than non-organic products. (Info courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet)
|
|
Osteoporosis |
Celiac disease is associated with various degrees of osteoporosis and bone mineral loss. Long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet ensures normal bone density and is an important preventive measure in young people with celiac disease
|
P Return to Top
|
Passion Flower |
Passion flower is recommended by some herbalists for depression, anxiety, and seizure disorders |
|
Peptides |
During digestion, proteins are involved in the production of amino acids called peptides. In some (e.g. Autistic spectrum people) these peptides are not sufficiently broken down in the intestines and 'leak' through the gut wall into the bloodstream and then on into the brain |
|
Phenols |
Phenols are chemicals found in foods that some people have problems processing and end up with symptoms including dark circles under the eyes, red face/ears, diarrhea, hyperactivity, aggression, headache, head banging or other self-injury, inappropriate laughter, difficulty falling asleep at night, and night waking for several hours. The condition is called PST deficiency. Foods like tomatoes, bananas, red grapes, milk, peanuts and food dyes contain higher phenol levels than other foods. Click here for more information on Phenols (Also see Salicylates) |
|
Potato Starch V Potato Flour |
Potato Starch - a very fine flour with a bland taste, that is made by removing the potato peel, made into a slurry and watery mix, then dehydrated to form Potato Starch. The Potato Starch is not cooked, thus it does not absorb much water unless it is heated. For example, it will make an excellent gravy if heated with liquid in a saucepan.
Potato Flour - heavier with a definite potato flavor made from the actual potato including the potato skin and will absorb large amounts of water because it has been cooked and contains the peel. It is not used as main flour in baking as it would absorb too much liquid and make the product gummy. Small amounts are used to increase water, hold product together and so on. |
|
Prescriptions |
A wide range of specially manufactured gluten-free foods such as, bread, bread mix, pasta, biscuits, cakes, crispbread and flour are prescribable under the NHS. Some groups of people are exempt from prescription charges, children, pregnant women and pensioners in particular. If you are not exempt, it works out economical to buy a "season ticket" type prescription. Some gluten-free products, such as chocolate biscuits, are considered luxuries and are not prescribable, although they can be bought from the chemist
|
|
Preservatives (Body & Skin Care) |
Some of the most allergenic and irritating preservatives release small amounts of formaldehyde, which is an irritant as well as a carcinogenic. Avoid: 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Diazolidinyl Urea, DMDM Hydantoin, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Quaternium 15, Methylcholoroisothiasolinone, methylisothiazolinone, DEA, TEA, Bronopol, Padimate-O (octyl dimethyl PABA), 1,4 - Dioxane Information taken from Green People catalogue with thanks |
|
Probiotics |
Commonly known as 'friendly' or 'healthy' bacteria, they are cultures of live micro-organisms which aid the function of the gastrointestinal tract by "improving the properties of the indigenous microflora". The gut flora has an important health role - it stimulates the immune system thus protecting the body from bacteria and viruses as well as aiding digestion and assimilation of food and keeping the growth of Candida albicans yeast in balance. Commercial probiotic supplements may combine a number of substances, sometimes including digestive enzymes as well as helpful bacteria, garlic, and other things.
|
|
Psoriasis |
This is a skin disease which leads to red scaly papules and patches appearing. Anecdotal evidence suggests that people with psoriasis may improve on a hypoallergenic diet. Three trials have reported that eliminating gluten (found in wheat, rye, and barley) improved symptoms for some sufferers |
Q Return to Top
|
Quinoa |
Pronounced keen-wa, it resembles millet and has small nutritious seeds which are very versatile to a variety of cooking styles. Quinoa flour is ground from whole seeds and has a distinctive nutty flavour. Natually gluten free, it is suitable for wheat and gluten allergy sufferers. Quinoa can also be eaten as cereal, a rice replacement, thickener for soups, in salads, casseroles and desserts amongst other things. Quinoa flour has a higher protein content than many other flours and offers increased nutritional value. It is a grain that comes from the Andes Mountains of South America. Quinoa's origins are truly ancient. It was one of the three staple foods, along with corn and potatoes, of the Inca civilization. Quinoa was known then, and still is known, with respect, as the mother grain. We call it the "Supergrain of the Future." Quinoa contains more protein than any other grain; an average of 16.2 percent, compared with 7.5 percent for rice, 9.9 percent for millet, and 14 percent for wheat. Some varieties of quinoa are more than 20 percent protein. Quinoa's protein is of an unusually high quality. It is a complete protein, with an essential amino acid balance close to the ideal ... similar to milk! Quinoa's protein is high in lysine, methionine and cystine. This makes it an excellent food to combine with, and boost the protein value of, other grains (which are low in lysine), or soy (which is low in methionine and cystine). Besides its unique protein, quinoa also provides starch, sugars, oil (high in essential linoleic acid), fiber, minerals, and vitamins. It is light, tasty, and easy to digest. It is not sticky or heavy like most other grains, and it has a delicious flavor all its own. |
R Return to Top
|
Raw Sugar |
Raw sugar is granulated, solid, or coarse, and is brown in color. It is obtained by the evaporation of the moisture from the juice of the sugar cane. It retains some of the nutrients found in raw cane |
|
Rice |
Basmatti - Similar in vitamin and mineral content to white rice. A long, narrow-grained rice prized for its firm texture and aromatic flavour. Italian - Short pearly grain rice especially suitable for risotto. Parboiled - quite nutritious, being an excellent source of niacin, a good source of thiamin and magnesium and a moderate source of protein, iron and zinc. Levels of vitamins and minerals fall between white rice and brown rice. Pudding Rice - Good source of Thiamin and iron and a moderate source of protein, niacin and zinc. Short wide grains that become sticky and sweet upon boiling. Wild - A dark rice with a chewy texture and nutty flavour
|
S Return to Top
|
Salicylates |
Salicylates are a type of Phenol. Phenols are chemicals which all living things and foods contain. Food containing high phenol levels uses up more than the usual amounts of the 'free sulphate' which is held in the gut. In Autistic people, the level of 'free sulphate' in the body is already much lower than in others so eating foods with a high phenolic content leaves even less available for other digestive requirements and for lining the gut walls. There is simply not enough 'free sulphate' available. Not all foods with a high phenol level also are high in salicylates as not all phenols are salicylates. Foods with a high salicylate level typically contain tomatoes, dried fruits, berry fruits, tea, olives, grapes, almonds, liquorice, peppermint, honey, Worcester sauce, citrus fruits, berries and currants, with pears being one of the more 'safe' options. Foods full of phenols but not salicylates include banana and chocolate. Whether a low salicylate and/or a low phenol diet is followed, is often a case of trial and error to see which products produce a troublesome reaction. (Also see Phenols) |
|
Secretin |
When food reaches the stomach, the small intestine releases secretin which stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes which play an important role in breaking down fats and proteins. In some Autistic cases, it is thought that this breakdown process is incomplete and some of the fats and proteins leak into the blood stream and on into the brain. Injections of secretin - a hormone developed from pig tissue - in an effort to increase the effectiveness of the breakdown are available "off-label" and Ainsworth's stock homoeopathic secretin tablets |
|
Seeds |
e.g. Pumpkin, Sesame, Sunflower - good source of protein, minerals, some vitamins and unsaturated fats. Rich in phosphorus, but contain little calcium apart from unhulled sesame seeds which contain higher amounts. One of the most nutritious of snacks. (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Selenium |
An essential trace element. Part of the enzyme system that controls prostaglandins. Protects the cells in the immune system against damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Also prevents infections and blood clots and helps prevent canceer (not all forms). Higher cancer prevention success rate when combined with Vitamins A & E - it decreases the carcinogenic viruses and inhibits the division of cancer cells. The most efficient ratio is 100mcg Vitamin E to 25mcg Selenium. Sources include fish, kidney and liver and whole grains and brown rice (depends on soil content). Supplements recommended for unbalanced diets, vegetarians, the elderly, pregnant mothers, smokers, the chronically ill and people living in areas of low selenium in the soil (e.g. China, Scandinavia, Northern Europe). (Information courtesy of Goodness Fact Sheet) |
|
Sorbitol |
Sorbitol is used in many dietetic food products. It is produced from glucose and it is also found naturally in certain berries and fruits. It is absorbed by the body at a much slower rate than sugar |
|
Sucrose |
Made up of glucose and fructose. It is made by concentrating sugar beet juice and or sugar cane. Refined sugar that contains no fibre, vitamins, protein or minerals |
T Return to Top
|
Talc (Body & Skin Care) |
Cosmetic talc found in baby powders, face powders, body powders and some contraceptives are carcinogenic. Inhaling talc and using it in the genital area is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Avoid: cosmetic grade Talc Information taken from the Green People catalogue with grateful thanks |
|
Tapioca Starch V Tapioca Flour |
Tapioca Starch and Tapioca Flour are a similar thing and interchange without too much difficulty in recipes |
|
Tartaric Acid |
Tartaric acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound. (+)-tartaric acid commonly occurs in nature and can be found in fruit, and sometimes in wine. Tartaric acid is industrially synthesised as a byproduct during wine making, and it is used in food as an antioxidant and synergist to increase the antioxidant effect of other substances. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Excessive ingestion of tartaric acid results in laxative effects |
|
Taurine |
Another amino acid which is not found in proteins. It may be needed for low birth weight infants receiving cows milk. It appears to be involved in proper heart function. |
|
Tempeh |
Fermented soya bean paste with a chewy texture. Can be steamed, baked or fried |
|
Textured Soya Protein |
TSP is processed from the soya bean and is an extremely good source of protein whilst being low in fat and having a low calorific value. When rehydrated, it closely resembles meat in appearance and texture and can be used in the same way as mince or stewing steak |
|
Tofu |
Made from soya beans which are soaked, mashed, boiled and filtered. The resulting soya bean curds are then weighed down and pressed into a block, creating the bean curd. It contains all eight essential amino acids, is a potent source of phytochemicals, can help lower cholesterol, is a good source of calcium, is low in salt and contains iron and B vitamins |
V Return to Top
|
Vegan |
To call a product Vegan, the manufacture and /or development of the product, and where applicable, its ingredients, must not involve, or have involved, the use of any animal product, by-product or derivative. Some products may contain E numbers or other hidden ingredients which are not vegan. For example, gelatine may be used to carry beta-carotene and D2, lactose is often used in crisps and non-vegan release agents may be used in confectionery and baked goods |
W Return to Top
|
Wheat |
Being sensitive to wheat is a very different thing to intolerance to Gluten. In this case the reaction may be to any one of the proteins contained in the wheat grain and is likely to be a true immunological reaction, not a toxic one. This means that food that is classified as gluten-free is not guarantee to necessarily be wheat-free, although many are. Wheat is found in three basic strains: hard, or winter, wheat, used in bread making; soft wheat, used for pastries; and durum, used for pasta. Wheat is available as a whole grain (wheat berries), as flour, cracked, in flakes, and in a variety of other forms. A wheat-free diet excludes wheat and all products derived from wheat. Exposure to wheat dust can cause respiratory symptoms, including asthma in susceptible people. In rare cases, hydrolyzed wheat in body cream has caused hives
|
Y Return to Top
|
Yeast |
Yeast, known as Candida exists inside everybody and is only a problem if it starts to spread and become harmful in the body. Some of the main reasons why this might happen is from an inherited or acquired immune system deficiency, steroid intake, the consequences of antibiotic intake or diabetes. The main culprit however is diet - a sugar-rich, high-carbohydrate, yeast-filled (e.g. mushrooms, fermented drinks, bread etc) diet nourishes the Candida already in the body and transforms it into a problem such as ME, depression, cystitis, migraine, diarrhoes, bloatedness etc. Deprive the body of sugar and additional yeast and increase fibre intake to help resolve the problem. If you have an intolerance and are looking for Yeast Free recipes and home baking ingredients, contact Barbara's Kitchen on 01443 229304. Making Yeast free bread, rolls and other dishes is made easy with their products and years of experience |
| |